To investigate the role of managerial capabilities of onion farmers in Ghoghan Azarshahr county, East Azarbaijan of Iran, on yield augmentation, a sample of 105 manager-farmers were randomly selected. To gather more planned data, a well- designed and pre-tested questionnaire were completed through personal interviewing. The capabilities of farmers were measured by qualitative scale of weak, medium and strong. Questions were based on reviews of theoretical and applied literature. Data were analyzed using some descriptive statistics and also Spearman's correlation and multiple regression methods. The results showed that there were significant positive correlation between the capabilities of farmers and their levels of onion yields. The correlation coefficient of planning, organizing, conducting, controlling, innovation, representing strength with relevant agencies, technical, commercial, financial- management and accounting abilities as correlated with onion yield were 0.50, 0.50, 0.45, 0.33, 0.49, 0.49, 0.55, 0.66, 0.42 and 0.18, respectively. However, results of stepwise regression analyses showed that commercial, technical, and organizational abilities, with determination coefficient of 0.506 appear to significantly determine the variation in onion yield. Thus, the extension of managerial science and experience within the farmers to alleviate the yield gaps is recommended. This new approach would be cheaper and more efficient.

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of four personal and social variables including the age, literacy, job experience and size of herd on different variables such as implementing of managerial strategies in transition period, relevant costs of these strategies, average production per head and gross income of milk sale per head. For this purpose all required information were collected through questionnaire distribution among the owners of commercial dairy farms of Shahroud district. This questionnaire was included three parts. Relevant information about personal and social indices was inserted in first part. Second part included of relevant information about performance and non-performance of considered managerial strategies in transition period and third part was about relevant information about production and economic records. Finally all information about 50 herds was obtained and compared as well. Data analysis was through applying Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method. Also it was possible to specify any relation among independent and dependent variables through calculation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Finally it was revealed that social and personal factors have a significant effect on the implementation of management strategies and other independent factors.

Greenhouse culture plays a significant role in driving the agricultural development process by providing artificial conditions for production and/or neutralizing environmental variables. Obviously, planning for developing this production system requires understanding effective and limiting variables. Accordingly, the present study was conducted in 2018 in order to evaluate management indicators of ornamental plant greenhouses in Guilan province, Iran. The research was an applied study in a survey design in which data were collected with a questionnaire. The statistical population was composed of 107 selected greenhouses of which 84 greenhouses were taken by simple randomization technique using Cochran’ s formula. Data were statistically analyzed by mean, standard deviation, linear regression, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and one sample t-test in the SPSS. 21 software package. The results of t-test revealed a significant positive relationship of individual skill and knowledge with optimum management of the selected greenhouses. Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between individual attitude to sustainable development and optimum management of the selected greenhouses and between management technical and professional indices and the optimum performance of the selected greenhouses.

The essential oil yield stability of damask rose ( Rosa damascena Mill. ) as an important medicinal and aromatic plant in different environments has not been well documented. In order to determine appropriate stability parameters, six statistics were studied for essential oil stability of 35 Rosa damascena landraces in seven locations (Sanandaj, Arak, Kashan, Dezful, Stahban, Kerman, and Mashhad) and two years (2007-2008) in Iran, using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Significant differences (P<0. 01) were observed in essential oil ratio among landraces (G), locations (L), and environments (E) and in landrace × location (GL) and landrace × environment (GE) interactions. The positive correlation of environmental variance (S2), coefficient of variation (CV), and regression coefficient of yield over environments (b) with essential oil suggest that only low-yield landraces develop a similar phenotype over a range of environments and show static stability. Although there were not any stable landraces by b (b ≈ 0) and all of the stable ones by S2 produced very low yields, some of the adaptable ones by CV (e. g. KM1) showed high essential oil ratios and stability simultaneously. The stable landraces according to the dynamic stability concept (b ≈ 1, Sd2 or variance due to deviation from regression ≈ 0) produced moderate essential oil. Superiority index (P) determined some of the highest essential oil as adaptable landraces. The stable landraces with the least variance of the years within places (MSY/P) produced the least essential oil. It could be concluded that a genotype can demonstrates both static and dynamic stability with high essential oil content. In addition, CV, dynamic view statistics (b ≈ 1, Sd2≈ 0), and P are proposed as desirable parameters for the evaluation of essential oil stability with different concepts in damask rose genotypes.

Background and objective: In the age of uncertainty and severe environmental unrest, more reliance on knowledge and managerial experience does not work. Management of unexpected events requires things beyond science and experience. In the current age, management studies are some sort of return to one of the thoughts and ideas of Aristotle called practical wisdom or farsightedness. The present article aims at investigating the innate nature of IRI Police special missions, key factors forming practical wisdom in managerial wisdom; meanwhile, it tries to prioritize it, as well. Managerial wisdom refers to a decision in which rationalism and morality linkage and public benefit is realized.Method: The present research, in terms of objective, research plan and research method is considered developmental, descriptive, and correlative, respectively. Data was gathered from 100 people as a sample of police commanders and administers. Data was analyzed through binomial and Freedman tests.Findings: The findings of the research indicate managerial wisdom is common among police commanders and administers. All the identified elements in formation of managerial wisdom play a role. Finally, the level of importance of the identified elements in relation with managerial wisdom differs from each other.Conclusion: Based on the achieved results, managerial wisdom can be considered a multidimensional concept which is responsible to organizational issues and human affairs through relying on the elements which from it.

The study purpose to develop managerial competency model in Isfahan Province Gas Company. Semi-structured interviews and Managerial Competencies Questionnaire were conducted with 15 managers selected purposefully (maximum variation sampling) from among the different levels of management in Isfahan Gas Company. Also, Gas monthly magazine (Nedaye Gas), job description of managers, web sites of National Iranian Gas Company and thirty provinces studied. Then concepts were collected and categorized into 8 main categories and 78 sub categories. Finally، reliability and validity of model accepted.

With regard to managers’ important roles in success of companies, the main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of managerial ability on the bankruptcy risk of the Iranian firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange, (TSE), and the mediating role of financial performance in that risk. In this study, the data came from a sample of 103 non-financing companies in the TSE from 2004 to 2015. Managerial ability of the companies was measured by the Demirjian’ s model (2012). Moreover, the rate of return on assets was applied as a proxy of financial performance, and Emerging Market Scoring model (Altman's Z˝ score) was used as a measure of bankruptcy risk. The results showed that managerial ability has negative impact on bankruptcy risk. And, financial performance mediates the effect of managerial ability on bankruptcy risk. In other words, managerial ability reduces the bankruptcy risk through improving financial performance. Therefore, it could be concluded that managerial ability is an important factor in the success of the companies in TSE.